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equipment of home manufacture

  • 1 оборудование отечественного производства

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > оборудование отечественного производства

  • 2 отечественный

    1. domestic
    2. home
    3. local
    4. native; home; patriotic

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > отечественный

  • 3 fabricación

    f.
    manufacturing, manufacture, production, fabrication.
    * * *
    1 manufacture, production, making
    \
    defecto de fabricación manufacturing fault
    fabricación en cadena mass production
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    * * *
    femenino manufacture
    * * *
    = make, manufacture, manufacturing, fabrication, making.
    Ex. Typically a patent abstract is informative, and includes in the case of an article, its method of making or manufacture.
    Ex. Typically a patent abstract is informative, and includes in the case of an article, its method of making or manufacture.
    Ex. An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to supervision of the manufacturing.
    Ex. Products from the same raw material are grouped then subdivided according to stage of fabrication.
    Ex. A producer is the person with final responsibility for the making of a motion picture, including business aspects, management of the production, and the commercial success of the film.
    ----
    * cadena de fabricación = production line.
    * coste de fabricación = manufacturing cost.
    * de fabricación casera = homemade.
    * excedencias de fabricación = factory surplus.
    * fabricación de acero = steelmaking [steel making].
    * fabricación de bombas = bomb manufacture.
    * fabricación de libros = bookmaking [book making].
    * fabricación de monedas = coinage, minting.
    * fabricación de papel = paper-making [papermaking], paper manufacturing.
    * fabricación de tapas = casemaking [case-making].
    * fabricación de velas = chandlery.
    * fabricación en serie = mass production.
    * máquina de fabricación = manufacturing equipment.
    * técnica de fabricación = construction technique.
    * * *
    femenino manufacture
    * * *
    = make, manufacture, manufacturing, fabrication, making.

    Ex: Typically a patent abstract is informative, and includes in the case of an article, its method of making or manufacture.

    Ex: Typically a patent abstract is informative, and includes in the case of an article, its method of making or manufacture.
    Ex: An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to supervision of the manufacturing.
    Ex: Products from the same raw material are grouped then subdivided according to stage of fabrication.
    Ex: A producer is the person with final responsibility for the making of a motion picture, including business aspects, management of the production, and the commercial success of the film.
    * cadena de fabricación = production line.
    * coste de fabricación = manufacturing cost.
    * de fabricación casera = homemade.
    * excedencias de fabricación = factory surplus.
    * fabricación de acero = steelmaking [steel making].
    * fabricación de bombas = bomb manufacture.
    * fabricación de libros = bookmaking [book making].
    * fabricación de monedas = coinage, minting.
    * fabricación de papel = paper-making [papermaking], paper manufacturing.
    * fabricación de tapas = casemaking [case-making].
    * fabricación de velas = chandlery.
    * fabricación en serie = mass production.
    * máquina de fabricación = manufacturing equipment.
    * técnica de fabricación = construction technique.

    * * *
    manufacture
    televisores de fabricación japonesa Japanese-made televisions, televisions made o manufactured in Japan
    [ S ] fabricación propia all our products are made on the premises
    Compuesto:
    mass production
    * * *

     

    fabricación sustantivo femenino
    manufacture;

    de fabricación japonesa made in Japan;
    de fabricación casera home-made;
    fabricación en serie mass production
    fabricación f (en serie) manufacture
    (de un objeto) making: su fabricación nos llevó dos días, it took us two days to make
    de fabricación casera, home-made
    de fabricación inglesa, of English make

    ' fabricación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    manufactura
    - nacional
    - artesanal
    - cadena
    - masa
    - serie
    - zapatería
    English:
    fabrication
    - making
    - manufacture
    - manufacturing
    - manufacturing costs
    - mfg.
    - moratorium
    - production
    - production line
    - toolmaking
    * * *
    manufacture;
    un automóvil de fabricación nacional a domestically produced car;
    fabricación asistida por Am computadora o Esp ordenador computer-aided o computer-assisted manufacture;
    fabricación limpia [ecológica] environmentally friendly manufacturing;
    fabricación en serie mass production
    * * *
    f manufacturing
    * * *
    fabricación nf, pl - ciones : manufacture

    Spanish-English dictionary > fabricación

  • 4 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 5 Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside

    [br]
    b. 26 November 1810 Shieldfield, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
    d. 27 December 1900 Cragside, Northumbria, England
    [br]
    English inventor, engineer and entrepreneur in hydraulic engineering, shipbuilding and the production of artillery.
    [br]
    The only son of a corn merchant, Alderman William Armstrong, he was educated at private schools in Newcastle and at Bishop Auckland Grammar School. He then became an articled clerk in the office of Armorer Donkin, a solicitor and a friend of his father. During a fishing trip he saw a water-wheel driven by an open stream to work a marble-cutting machine. He felt that its efficiency would be improved by introducing the water to the wheel in a pipe. He developed an interest in hydraulics and in electricity, and became a popular lecturer on these subjects. From 1838 he became friendly with Henry Watson of the High Bridge Works, Newcastle, and for six years he visited the Works almost daily, studying turret clocks, telescopes, papermaking machinery, surveying instruments and other equipment being produced. There he had built his first hydraulic machine, which generated 5 hp when run off the Newcastle town water-mains. He then designed and made a working model of a hydraulic crane, but it created little interest. In 1845, after he had served this rather unconventional apprenticeship at High Bridge Works, he was appointed Secretary of the newly formed Whittle Dene Water Company. The same year he proposed to the town council of Newcastle the conversion of one of the quayside cranes to his hydraulic operation which, if successful, should also be applied to a further four cranes. This was done by the Newcastle Cranage Company at High Bridge Works. In 1847 he gave up law and formed W.G.Armstrong \& Co. to manufacture hydraulic machinery in a works at Elswick. Orders for cranes, hoists, dock gates and bridges were obtained from mines; docks and railways.
    Early in the Crimean War, the War Office asked him to design and make submarine mines to blow up ships that were sunk by the Russians to block the entrance to Sevastopol harbour. The mines were never used, but this set him thinking about military affairs and brought him many useful contacts at the War Office. Learning that two eighteen-pounder British guns had silenced a whole Russian battery but were too heavy to move over rough ground, he carried out a thorough investigation and proposed light field guns with rifled barrels to fire elongated lead projectiles rather than cast-iron balls. He delivered his first gun in 1855; it was built of a steel core and wound-iron wire jacket. The barrel was multi-grooved and the gun weighed a quarter of a ton and could fire a 3 lb (1.4 kg) projectile. This was considered too light and was sent back to the factory to be rebored to take a 5 lb (2.3 kg) shot. The gun was a complete success and Armstrong was then asked to design and produce an equally successful eighteen-pounder. In 1859 he was appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance and was knighted. However, there was considerable opposition from the notably conservative officers of the Army who resented the intrusion of this civilian engineer in their affairs. In 1862, contracts with the Elswick Ordnance Company were terminated, and the Government rejected breech-loading and went back to muzzle-loading. Armstrong resigned and concentrated on foreign sales, which were successful worldwide.
    The search for a suitable proving ground for a 12-ton gun led to an interest in shipbuilding at Elswick from 1868. This necessitated the replacement of an earlier stone bridge with the hydraulically operated Tyne Swing Bridge, which weighed some 1450 tons and allowed a clear passage for shipping. Hydraulic equipment on warships became more complex and increasing quantities of it were made at the Elswick works, which also flourished with the reintroduction of the breech-loader in 1878. In 1884 an open-hearth acid steelworks was added to the Elswick facilities. In 1897 the firm merged with Sir Joseph Whitworth \& Co. to become Sir W.G.Armstrong Whitworth \& Co. After Armstrong's death a further merger with Vickers Ltd formed Vickers Armstrong Ltd.
    In 1879 Armstrong took a great interest in Joseph Swan's invention of the incandescent electric light-bulb. He was one of those who formed the Swan Electric Light Company, opening a factory at South Benwell to make the bulbs. At Cragside, his mansion at Roth bury, he installed a water turbine and generator, making it one of the first houses in England to be lit by electricity.
    Armstrong was a noted philanthropist, building houses for his workforce, and endowing schools, hospitals and parks. His last act of charity was to purchase Bamburgh Castle, Northumbria, in 1894, intending to turn it into a hospital or a convalescent home, but he did not live long enough to complete the work.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1859. FRS 1846. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers; Institution of Civil Engineers; British Association for the Advancement of Science 1863. Baron Armstrong of Cragside 1887.
    Further Reading
    E.R.Jones, 1886, Heroes of Industry', London: Low.
    D.J.Scott, 1962, A History of Vickers, London: Weidenfeld \& Nicolson.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside

  • 6 Produktionsausweitung

    Produktionsausweitung f V&M line expansion
    * * *
    f <V&M> line expansion
    * * *
    Produktionsausweitung
    expansion of production;
    • im Inland vorgenommene Produktionsausweitung home-based productive expansion;
    • Produktionsausweitung eines Unternehmens company diversifications;
    • Produktionsbarometer commerce’s (composite) index of indicators;
    • Produktionsbasis manufacturing basis;
    • Produktionsbedingungen manufacturing conditions;
    • Produktionsbeginn start-up of production;
    • Produktionsbeginn sofort aufnehmen to rush into production;
    • Produktionsbegrenzung restriction of output;
    • Produktionsbelebung stimulation of production;
    • Produktionsbeobachtung production monitoring;
    • Produktionsberatung production meeting;
    • Produktionsbereich production diversions;
    • Produktions- und Dienstleistungsbereich products and services domain;
    • Produktionsbericht production report;
    • Produktionsbeschränkung restriction (curtailment) of (limitation upon) production, output restriction;
    • Produktionsbetrieb productive enterprise (establishment), manufacturing plant;
    • billiger Produktionsbetrieb lower-cost manufacturer;
    • Produktionsbilanz production (manufacturing) statement;
    • Produktionsbild production picture;
    • Produktionsbreite product diversification;
    • zu einer wohl gepolsterten Produktionsbreite Zuflucht nehmen to fall back on a broad cushion of diversification;
    • Produktionsdauer production period;
    • Produktionsdifferenzierung diversification of products;
    • Produktionsdispositionen production plan, [production] budget;
    • Produktionsdrosselung reduction (dampening) of output, cut in production, cutback (curtailment) of production, production cut[back];
    • Produktionsdrosselung vornehmen to cut (slash) production;
    • Produktionsdurchlauf production timetable;
    • Produktionsdurchschnitt production average;
    • Produktionseinheit producing (production) unit, unit of output (production);
    • gleichartige Produktionseinheiten equivalent units;
    • Produktionseinrichtungen productive (production) facilities (equipment);
    • Produktionseinschränkung restriction (slashing) of (contraction in) production (output), production cut[back], (Volkswirtschaft) disinvestment (US), diminution of capital goods;
    • künstliche Produktionseinschränkung ca’canny;
    • Produktionseinstellung phase-out, closing down, shake-out, termination of production;
    • neue Produktionseinstellung vornehmen to reschedule production;
    • Produktionselastizität elasticity of production;
    • Produktionsengpass bottleneck in production, production bottleneck;
    • Produktionsentscheidung production decision;
    • Produktionsentscheidung treffen to finalize;
    • Produktionsentwicklung der Industrie development of industrial output;
    • industrielle Produktionserfahrungen industrial (manufacturing) know-how;
    • statistische Produktionserfassung census of production;
    • Produktionsergebnis output, production;
    • erste Produktionsergebnisse initial production;
    • Produktionserhöhung increase in production (output);
    • beschleunigte Produktionserhöhung speed-up of production;
    • Produktionserlaubnis production permit;
    • Produktionserlös factory proceeds;
    • Produktionsetat [production] budget;
    • Produktionsfächer range of production;
    • Produktionsfachmann mechanical production man;
    • Produktionsfähigkeit productive (producing, service) capacity, productive efficiency, capacity to produce;
    • Produktionsfaktoren factors (agents) of production, productive factors, production agents;
    • jederzeit auswechselbare Produktionsfaktoren non-specific factors of productions;
    • nicht auswechselbare (substituierbare) Produktionsfaktoren specific factors of production;
    • Produktionsfehler manufacturing defect;
    • Produktionsfinanzierung production financing;
    • Produktionsfläche factory space;
    • Produktionsflexibilität flexibility in production;
    • Produktionsförderung promotion of production;
    • Produktionsfreigabe engineering release;
    • Produktionsfunktion production function;
    • Produktionsgang production process, flow of production;
    • normaler Produktionsgang regular course of manufacture;
    • Produktionsgebiet production (producing) area, area of production, (Herstellungszweig) product (production) line;
    • verändertes Produktionsgebiet diversification area;
    • unrentable Produktionsgebiete aufgeben to eliminate unprofitable operations;
    • breites Produktionsgefüge diversified structure;
    • Produktionsgeheimnis manufacturing secret;
    • Produktionsgemeinkosten indirect (overhead) cost, factory overheads (burden);
    • Produktionsgemeinschaft collective;
    • Produktionsgenossenschaft productive (production) cooperation, cooperative association for production, producers’ cooperative (society, Br.), productive cooperative society;
    • landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft collective farm, cooperative farming;
    • Produktionsgesellschaft manufacturing company (corporation, US);
    • ziemlich einseitige Produktionsgesellschaft little-diversified company (corporation);
    • Produktionsgewinn manufacturing profit;
    • Produktionsglättung production smoothing;
    • Produktionsgliederung distribution of production;
    • Produktionsgröße level of production;
    • Produktionsgrundlagen productive apparatus (US);
    • Produktionsgutachten production expertise;
    • Produktionsgüte quality of production.

    Business german-english dictionary > Produktionsausweitung

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